[Caecum hernia of foramen of Winslow]. / Hernie caecale du foramen de Winslow.

Winslow's foramen hernia, or Blandin's hernia, is a rare internal hernia with a non-specific clinical presentation and its diagnosis may be difficult. The hernia occurs across the omental hiatus, bounded by the inferior vena cava posteriorly and the portal triad anteriorly. CT imaging provides several diagnostic clues in this condition. Prompt surgical management allows reduction before complications arise. We present a case of caecal internal herniation through Winslow's foramen in a patient who underwent gastrojejunal bypass about ten years ago. Laparoscopy with reduction of the caecal bascule and closure of the foramen is performed successfully.

La hernie du foramen de Winslow, ou hernie de Blandin, est une hernie interne rare, avec une présentation clinique non spécifique et son diagnostic peut être difficile. La hernie se produit au travers de l'hiatus omental, limité par la veine cave inférieure en arrière et la triade portale en avant. L'imagerie médicale par tomodensitométrie nous fournit plusieurs indices diagnostiques dans cette pathologie. La prise en charge chirurgicale rapide permet une réduction avant la survenue de complications. Nous présentons un cas de hernie interne caecale par le foramen de Winslow chez un patient ayant bénéficié d'un bypass gastro-jéjunal une dizaine d'années auparavant. Une laparoscopie avec réduction de la bascule caecale et fermeture du foramen est réalisée avec succès.

A flashing light may not be that flashy: A systematic review on critical fusion frequencies.

BACKGROUND: Light pollution could represent one of the main drivers behind the current biodiversity erosion. While the effects of many light components on biodiversity have already been studied, the influence of flicker remains poorly understood. The determination of the threshold frequency at which a flickering light is perceived as continuous by a species, usually called the Critical Fusion Frequency (CFF), could thus help further identify the impacts of artificial lighting on animals. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed at answering the following questions: what is the distribution of CFF between species? Are there differences in how flicker is perceived between taxonomic classes? Which species are more at risk of being impacted by artificial lighting flicker? METHODS: Citations were extracted from three literature databases and were then screened successively on their titles, abstracts and full-texts. Included studies were critically appraised to assess their validity. All relevant data were extracted and analysed to determine the distribution of CFF in the animal kingdom and the influence of experimental designs and species traits on CFF. RESULTS: At first, 4881 citations were found. Screening and critical appraisal provided 200 CFF values for 156 species. Reported values of CFF varied from a maximum of between 300 Hz and 500 Hz for the beetle Melanophila acuminata D. to a mean of 0.57 (± 0.08) Hz for the snail Lissachatina fulica B. Insects and birds had higher CFF than all other studied taxa. Irrespective of taxon, nocturnal species had lower CFF than diurnal and crepuscular ones. CONCLUSIONS: We identified nine crepuscular and nocturnal species that could be impacted by the potential adverse effects of anthropogenic light flicker. We emphasize that there remains a huge gap in our knowledge of flicker perception by animals, which could potentially be hampering our understanding of its impacts on biodiversity, especially in key taxa like bats, nocturnal birds and insects.

Combining Trauma Script Exposure With rTMS to Reduce Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Innovative therapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are required. We opted to facilitate fear extinction by combining trauma script exposure with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce symptoms of PTSD. OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of 10 Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex simultaneously with exposure to personal traumatic narrative were studied in patients with PTSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This trial was a single-center randomized controlled trial (NCT02584894). Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive eight daily sessions of 110% of motor threshold high frequency (HF) 10 Hz rTMS (110% HF rTMS) or 70% low frequency (LF) 1 Hz rTMS (70% LF rTMS) with trauma script exposure in both groups. Severity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were assessed before and after study treatment (one month, three months) by an assessor masked to the trial group assignment. The primary outcome was the severity of PTSD assessed by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). We used mixed linear regression models for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (65.8% females) were randomly assigned to 110% HF rTMS (n = 18, 31.3 ± 10.0 years, 13 females) or 70% LF rTMS (n = 20, 33.5 ± 11.1 years, 12 females). From baseline to three months, mean CAPS scores decreased by 51% in the 110% HF rTMS group (from 83.7 ± 14.4 to 41.8 ± 31.9) and by 36.9% in the 70% LF rTMS group (from 81.8 ± 15.6 to 51.6 ± 23.7), but with no significant difference in improvement (time by treatment interaction -3.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), -9.70 to 2.47]; p = 0.24; effect size 0.53). One serious adverse event occurred during the study (psychogenic nonepileptic seizure). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence of difference in clinical improvement or remission rates between the 110% HF and 70% LF stimulation. These findings may reflect the importance of exposure procedure and that larger number of participants is needed.

Quality of life and gastric acid-suppression medication post-laparoscopic fundoplication: a ten years retrospective study.

Background: Although medical treatment is the best approach for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), surgery has a significant role to play not only in cases of failure of medical treatment but also as in a long-term approach, specifically in young patient. On the other hand, alarming reports have been published concerning the outcomes and usefulness of antireflux surgery (ARS). The aim of this study was to evaluate medium and long-term functional outcomes following ARS performed in our institution over a 10 year period.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients in our department who underwent primary or redo laparoscopic fundoplication between 2005 and 2015. Evaluation of the outcomes was made using a validated questionnaire specifically dedicated to GERD (the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire) and by investigation about the continued use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Exclusion criteria were patients treated for GERD with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, emergency reduction of hiatal hernia, patients missing from follow-up and patients deceased from unrelated causes.Results: 296 patients out of 309 met the inclusion criteria. Primary procedures included 214 Nissen, 35 Toupet, and 23 Collis gastroplasty; there were additionally 62 redo operations. Neither postoperative mortality nor conversion was observed. The mean follow-up was 8 years post-surgery, and contact was made with 96% of the original group. 85% of the patients had stopped PPI use since their operation (86% after Nissen, 73% after Toupet, 94% after Collis and 82% after redos). 90% of the patients had good to excellent functional results as reported by their GERD-HRQL score, and independent of the type of previous procedure. 31 patients were dissatisfied due to dysphagia in 7 and GERD recurrence in 24. Again 75% were extremely satisfied and 15% satisfied. Our own incidence of redo procedures was 11% but the functional result and satisfaction index were comparable between redo and primary procedures. The addition of Collis gastroplasty in cases of real short oesophagus did not alter the final result.Conclusions: Laparoscopic ARS presents a superior alternative to lifetime medication use and can provide long-term control of GERD symptoms in the majority of patients if it is performed skillfully and in carefully evaluated patients. Based on the present study, we believed that significant improvement in GERD health-related quality of life can be attained following both primary and reoperative ARS.

Increasing Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promotes Resilience in a Mouse Model of Depression.

Many studies evaluated the functional role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and its key role in cognitive functions and mood regulation. The effects of promoting AHN on the recovery of stress-induced symptoms have been well studied, but its involvement in stress resilience remains elusive. We used a mouse model enabling us to foster AHN before the exposure to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to evaluate the potential protective effects of AHN on stress, assessing the depressive-like phenotype and executive functions. For this purpose, an inducible transgenic mouse model was used to delete the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from neural progenitors four weeks before UCMS, whereby increasing the survival of adult-generated neurons. Our results showed that UCMS elicited a depressive-like phenotype, highlighted by a deteriorated coat state, a higher immobility duration in the tail suspension test (TST), and a delayed reversal learning in a water maze procedure. Promoting AHN before UCMS was sufficient to prevent the development of stressed-induced behavioral changes in the TST and the water maze, reflecting an effect of AHN on stress resilience. Taken together, our data suggest that increasing AHN promotes stress resilience on some depressive-like symptoms but also in cognitive symptoms, which are often observed in MD.

Prefrontal cortex rTMS reverses behavioral impairments and differentially activates c-Fos in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental illness correlated with alterations in fear extinction neurocircuits that involve prefrontal, amygdala and hippocampal structures. Current treatments indirectly restore prefrontal control of fear responses, but still cannot achieve full remission in all patients. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Repetitive TMS (rTMS) can directly and chronically act on subparts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a potential alternative treatment. However, preclinical studies are needed to further the comprehension of its mechanisms and thus enhance its efficacy. METHODS: A 40-mm coil is used on a stereotaxic frame to apply 12-Hz high-intensity rTMS of the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in a foot-shock mouse model of PTSD. Chronic rTMS treatment was applied 7 days after the shocks every day up to day 12 (5 sessions, 3750 pulses). RESULTS: One session of rTMS (750 pulses) was able to precisely evoke immediate c-Fos activity in an area of the vmPFC (0.5 mm2) in preliminary control mice. When used in the foot-shock model, chronic rTMS treatment (n = 19) counteracted short-term episodic memory deficits at day 18, and enhanced extinction dynamics when reexposed to the shocking chamber at day 22. Associated c-Fos activity was found increased in the rodent's vmPFC (infralimbic cortex), the basolateral amygdala and the ventral CA1 (hippocampal output). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to use prefrontal cortex rTMS in a mouse model of PTSD. Chronic rTMS of the vmPFC reversed stress-induced behavioral impairments and acted on distributed networks of fear extinction up to 10 days after treatment.

Should immunoglobulin therapy be used in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation? A randomized, double-blind, dose effect, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND: The universal use of prophylactic immunoglobulin in stem-cell transplantation has not been supported by strong evidence of benefit. Results of most trials were reported before effective drugs for cytomegalovirus infection and disease were available, and no trial was placebo controlled. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role and the dose-effect relationship of immunoglobulin in the prophylaxis of complications after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized, double-blind, dose effect placebo-controlled study. SETTING: 19 stem-cell transplantation centers in France. PATIENTS: 200 patients who had allogeneic stem-cell transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors between 1998 and 2000. INTERVENTION: Immunoglobulin at doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight, 250 mg/kg, or 500 mg/kg weekly from day -7 to day 100 after transplantation or placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Cumulative incidence of infection, graft-versus-host disease, veno-occlusive disease, interstitial pneumonia, and transplantation-related mortality at 6 months; overall survival at 2 years after transplantation. RESULTS: Immunoglobulin had no benefit over placebo; 92% of patients in the pooled immunoglobulin group and 90% of patients in the placebo group had one or more infections (difference, 2 percentage points [95% CI, -8 to 12 percentage points]). Cumulative incidences of interstitial pneumonia, graft-versus-host disease, transplantation-related mortality, and overall survival were similar in patients receiving placebo and those receiving immunoglobulin; no dose-effect relationships were evident. Grade 3 (severe) veno-occlusive disease occurred more frequently as the immunoglobulin dose increased (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Use of prophylactic immunoglobulin in allogeneic recipients of stem-cell transplant from HLA-identical sibling donors is not recommended.